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Ch. 9: Labor

Matching
 
 
Identifying Key Terms
Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
white-collar worker
f.
right-to-work law
b.
unskilled labor
g.
affirmative action
c.
learning effect
h.
union shop
d.
labor union
i.
glass ceiling
e.
semiskilled labor
j.
collective bargaining
 

 1. 

a measure that bans mandatory union membership
 

 2. 

a workplace that will be nonunion members but requires them to join the union within a certain period of time
 

 3. 

an unofficial, invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in businesses dominated by white men
 

 4. 

labor that requires minimal specialized skills and education
 

 5. 

the theory that education increases productivity and results in higher wages
 

 6. 

an organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
 

 7. 

the use of policies, programs, and procedures to ensure the inclusion of minorities and women in job hiring, college admission, and the awarding of government contracts
 

 8. 

someone in a professional or clerical job who usually earns a salary
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 9. 

Approximately what percentage of U.S. workers belong to labor unions?
a.
9 percent
c.
25 percent
b.
13 percent
d.
42 percent
 

 10. 

What is collective bargaining?
a.
union and company representatives meeting to negotiate a new labor contract
b.
an organization of workers representing several different occupations
c.
an agreement to allow everyone to be part of the labor negotiating process
d.
a situation in which the rights of labor have been set aside
 

 11. 

Why are women less likely to be members of labor unions that men?
a.
Women are less likely to want to pay union dues.
b.
More women work in agency-shop situations.
c.
Fewer women work in blue-collar unionized industries.
d.
Women earn about 75 percent of what men earn on average.
 

 12. 

For which kinds of discrimination does the EEOC handle complains?
a.
race only
c.
religion and nationality only
b.
race and sex only
d.
race, sex, color, religion, or nationality
 

 13. 

Which of the following is an example of using physical capital instead of human capital to get a job done?
a.
furniture made by hand
c.
an automatic teller machine
b.
a server in a fast-food restaurant
d.
a licensed practical nurse
 

 14. 

What happens to job opportunities when wages go up?
a.
Job opportunities become more interesting.
b.
The jobs available become easier to get.
c.
The quantity of labor demanded goes down.
d.
The quantity of labor demanded goes up.e
 

 15. 

In inflation-adjusted dollars, how have average wages in the United States changed in the last 20 years?
a.
Wages have gone up significantly.
c.
Wages have varied every few years.
b.
Wages have gone down significantly.
d.
Wages have stayed the same.
 

 16. 

When did labor unions begin to gain some legal rights in the United States?
a.
1900s
c.
1930s
b.
1920s
d.
1950s
 

 17. 

Which of the following jobs are expected to grow significantly?
a.
computer-related jobs
c.
police and fire fighters’ jobs
b.
manufacturing jobs
d.
agricultural workers’ jobs
 

 18. 

Which of the following could be considered company benefits?
a.
overtime payments
b.
weekly wages
c.
the employee’s payments to Social Security
d.
the employer’s payments to Social Security
 

Short Answer
 
 
Reading a Chart

nar001-1.jpg
 

 19. 

Which group has the highest salary?
 

 20. 

Who earns more, Hispanic women or African American women?
 

 21. 

How much do Hispanic men earn, on average?
 

Essay
 
 
Critical Thinking
 

 22. 

Expressing Problems Clearly What are the various requirements that people can meet to be considered employed?
 

 23. 

Analyzing Information Why do more women work today than 25 years ago?
 

 24. 

Identifying Alternatives What is the difference between arbitration and mediation?
 



 
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